1. Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo defend the Heliocentric Theory:
If these astronomers had not discovered this, we could be living in a world which believes that the Earth is the center of the universe, which could really scew our knowledge of the solar system. Without the Heliocentric Theory, we would not understand our place in the universe and about all the different planets and stars around us.
2. The Scientific Method:
If Francis Bacon had never created the Scientific Method during the Scientific Revolution, scientists would have no set code to follow while working. This could lead to error that could affect a nation, discoveries unrecorded, faulty scienctific products, etc. Without the scientific method, science would be chaotic and uncontrolled.
3. Isaac Newton:
If Isaac Newton had not discovered and explained gravity during the Scientific Revolution, we would have no idea why things fall. This would wipe out all inventions of planes, helicopters, or any other sort of flying device, which would make traveling long and tiring. It would also affect science, in terms of determining the gravity on another planet.
4. The French Revolution:
If the French Revolution had never happened, France would probably still be governed by an absolute monarch. Individuals would have little to no rights and would be ruled by a power-hungry leader.
5. Industrial Revolution:
If the Industrial Revolution had not occured, things would be dramatically different. There would be no factories in which to produce quick and easy products, meaning that prices would go up on items imported and hand-crafted. New technology to reduce labor would be nonexistent as well, such as the cotton gin. No cotton gins would likely increase the number of slaves. However, if this revolution had not occured, there would be no child labor and unsafe working environments.
6. Marxism, Natural Right, and Freedom:
If Karl Marx, John Locke, and Voltaire had never existed during the Enlightenment, we would not have as much freedom as a nation. The people would hold no power, while the nation's leaders and business owners would hold it all. We would have no rights, no freedom of speech, and no freedom of thought.
7. Government:
Without Montesquieu, there would be no individual branches of the government. Our government would be simplistic, weak, and power hungry. We would also have less people to help lead the nation.
8. Declaration of Independence, English Bill of Rights, and Napoleon Bonaparte:
Without these two important documents (which were created during the Political Revolution), we would have a lot less freedom in the US and Great Britain. There would be less rights for individuals. In France, without Napoleonic, France would be a smaller nation and have less rights.
9. Nationalism and Imperialism:
Without these two things (which were created during the Age of Nationalism and New Imperialism), many countries would not have expanded as much and would have a lot less natural resources, which are needed for industrialization and markets.
10. In Africa:
Without the Industrial Revolution and the Age of Nationalism and New Imperialism, there would not have been such a high demand for slavery, and in our country, discrimination might be more apparent because there would be less African Americans there.